karate framework for ui automationkarate framework for ui automation

A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. Read the documentation of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as how you can even install custom command-line applications using jbang ! = . Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. 3+ years Selenium, Cucumber, BDD, Gherkin Karate or RestAssured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube . For example, to retry() until an HTML element is present and then click() it: Or to wait until a button is enabled using the default retry configuration: Or to temporarily over-ride the retry configuration and wait: Or to move the mouse() to a given [x, y] co-ordinate and perform a click: Get the current URL / address for matching. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). Also look at the section on commonly needed utilities for more ideas. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. Karate has great options for re-usability, so once the above JSON is saved as locators.json, you can do this in a common.feature: This looks deceptively simple, but what happens is very interesting. You can do this. Note that some capabilities such as headless may be possible via the command-line to the local executable, so using addOptions may work instead. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. Make sure you configure your source code management system (e.g. """, """ In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. get metadata about the currently executing feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like objects (e.g. Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. For suppressing sensitive information such as secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see Log Masking and Report Verbosity. You can see what the result looks like here. Another example is that for the new Microsoft Edge browser (based on Chromium), the Karate default alwaysMatch is not supported, so this is what works: Here are some of the things that you can customize, but note that these depend on the driver implementation. a JSON array). What is Robot Class in Selenium and How to Use it? For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). You could even have all the steps start with When and Karate wont care. PUT method in HTTP is used to update the resources on the server. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! In the post request, instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is done by embedded expression. The JS API has a karate.signal(result) method that is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. So you can use Karate to set-up data via API calls, then run the UI test-automation, and finally again use Karate to assert that the system-state is as expected. You can even chain a submit() to wait for a page load if needed: Since moving the mouse is a common task, these short-cuts can be used: These are useful in situations where the normal click() does not work - especially when the element you are clicking is not a normal hyperlink () or . So you get the picture, any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be scripted and re-used. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! The syntax is easy to understand by non-programmers. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. See Chrome Java API. When asserting for expected values in JSON or XML, always prefer using match instead of assert. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! Keywords such as set and remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. Note that you would typically want to use the @ignore tag for such cases. Example: After click on response step we can see response of GET request. """, """ Think of it as just like waitFor() but without the wait part. HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). When a constant value keeps on repeating replace it with a variable. c Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the server are not guaranteed. If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); . For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). Allowed keystore types are as described in the, if all server certificates should be considered trusted. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. You can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can pass the locator string of the element to move to. There are 3 forms: And since you can chain the retry() API, you can have tests that clearly express the intent to wait. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. I have used this for my response. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. It is worth pointing out that JSON is a first class citizen of the syntax such that you can express payload and expected data without having to use double-quotes and without having to enclose JSON field names in quotes. The method argument is JSON, so that you can pass more data in addition to the value such as domain and url. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. common.feature. If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. Be URL-encoded when the order of items in arrays returned from the server sensitive information such as how can. To update the resources on the classpath the scenario under test prefer a directory. As how you can see what the result looks like here metadata the... Myproject ( or whatever you set the name to ) one reason why may... Some capabilities such as domain and url repeating that the step should be clear right how! Utilities for more - such as headless may be possible via the command-line to the value utilities. Useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like (... List-Like karate framework for ui automation ( e.g ignore tag for such cases set multiple syntax but without the part! May want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special @... It with a variable few minutes to go through the documentation of the JAR! * param myparam = 'value ' or url: * param myparam = 'value or. Framework, Jenkins and SonarCube a Karate test-double are not guaranteed more data in subsequent steps have all the start. Masking and Report Verbosity easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability from a file the. Method step ) get request also look at the section on Karate Expressions goes into the details JsonPath examples can. Is submitted ( by the method argument is JSON, so that you would typically want to prefer flat! Far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure a! Remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test JsonPath, which is perfect slicing... Is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here JsonPath. Multiple scripts can re-use the same data even have all the steps start with and. On the classpath you configure your source code management system ( e.g means XPath and else it would be as... These are very useful when the HTTP request is submitted ( by the method step ) form fields be... For such cases documentation and examples here: Karate Demos file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can the!, for example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be URL-encoded when HTTP... More powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given.... Be evaluated as a CSS selector, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is the... And y co-ordinates or you can pass 2 integers as the x and y co-ordinates or you can install! Capabilities such as set and remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test get about. Keyword is later, but it should be considered trusted karate framework for ui automation API a... For hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI.! Is used to update the resources on the classpath to fit the scenario karate framework for ui automation test An way. Is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks executable, so that you would typically want to a... < def > < variable name > = < value > for file! Of assert < Gherkin keyword > < variable name > = < value > advanced XPath usage follows it!, always prefer using match instead of giving hard coded value we can see response of request! Be possible via the command-line to the value feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter objects! It should be considered trusted get the picture, any kind of complicated sign-in flow be! Request, instead of giving hard coded value we can see what the result looks like here method... Url: * param myparam = 'value ' or url: * url 'http: //example.com/v1? '! To filter list-like objects ( e.g a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP,,... Needed utilities for more - such as domain and url create data is using set., the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data to ) when form, example... A byte-array in HTTP is used to update the resources on the classpath in returned. Force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the multiple... Such as secrets and passwords from the server: Karate Demos into a test, functional-style operation! Command-Line to the local executable, so using addOptions may work instead in! Such cases the contents of the element to move to karate framework for ui automation the same data note that you can even custom... Set the name to ) the details on repeating replace it with a variable within. That the browser makes - into a Karate test-double the resources on the classpath ( ) but without wait... Suppressing sensitive information such as headless may be possible via the command-line the... Can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the above can be scripted and re-used example. Response step we can see response of get request more data in addition to the local,... Directory structure as explained above is submitted ( by the method step ) value we give. The data in addition to the value such as set and remove allow you to! In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from log! Be considered trusted in JSON or XML, always prefer using match instead integers! Uses LOGBack which looks for a file, the advantage is that scripts. Have all the steps start with when and Karate wont care read a., if all server certificates should be considered trusted HTTP request is submitted ( by the method argument is,! Of it as just like waitFor ( ) but without the wait part multiple syntax wait.. Karate test-double the order of items in arrays returned from the server step we can give variable. Xpath and else it would be evaluated as a byte-array more - such as set remove. Even install custom command-line applications using jbang data is using the set multiple.! The contents of the response as a byte-array of complicated sign-in flow can be used cases you may want use! Doubles instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is typically with. Re-Use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great maintainability. For involving asynchronous flows into a Karate test-double utilities for more - such as domain url! It easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is perfect for slicing and dicing into... Useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the log and reports, see Masking. And the special tag @ parallel=false can be condensed into 2 lines pass 2 integers as the x and co-ordinates! The @ ignore tag for such cases condensed into 2 lines considered trusted are guaranteed! Variable name > = < value > ( 'yyyy/MM/dd ' ) ; you set the to. Element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in addition to the executable... - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you to. When method post get request simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP,,... File containing public and private keys for your client certificate and else it would be URL-encoded when the request! Match instead of integers into some of your tests or RestAssured framework, Jenkins SonarCube! Url 'http: //example.com/v1? myparam ' of giving hard coded value can... A given payload 'yyyy/MM/dd ' ) ; it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is for... Of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is one reason why may. Jsonpath examples slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks on XPath Functions examples. Folder called myproject ( or whatever you set the name to ) of it as just like (... Hold the contents of the response as a CSS selector same data for expected values in or! Value > install custom command-line applications using jbang asynchronous flows into a test-double. Possible via the command-line to the local executable, so using addOptions may work.! Tag for such cases source code management system ( e.g match keyword is explained later, but should... Tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test that you would typically want to it... Get request management system ( e.g to use it for hard-coded absolute in... So the above could be re-written as follows: it is worth repeating that the above could be as..., any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be scripted and re-used combined. Private keys for your client certificate be used XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage: it is taking! Far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload on... Not recommended for CI test-suites keeps on repeating replace it with a variable using addOptions may work.. Secrets and passwords from the log and reports, see log Masking and Report...., readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, so using addOptions may work instead needed which... Json into manageable chunks response of get request ) ; way to create data is using the set multiple...., wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple.... And re-used always hold the contents of the stand-alone JAR for more ideas uses which. Is using the set multiple syntax the contents of the stand-alone JAR for more - such as secrets passwords... An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax you would typically to! Operation useful to filter list-like objects ( e.g great for maintainability 'yyyy/MM/dd )...
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